English
Język Polski
„This is not the time to dream?“ An explorative psychoanalytical and historical reading of selected dreams in diaries written by Jewish victims of the Holocaust in occupied Poland (1939–1945)
Anne-Christin Klotz
annechristin.klotz@mail.huji.ac.il Author BiographyAnne-Christin Klotz – dr, historyczka, od 2022 r. postdoctoral researcher w Martin Buber Society of Fellows na Uniwersytecie Hebrajskim w Jerozolimie. Jej zainteresowania badawcze obejmują Holokaust w Europie Wschodniej, globalną kulturę jidysz oraz żydowskie praktyki żałoby. Jej książka Together against Germany. Warsaw’s Yiddish Press in the Struggle against National Socialism (1930–1941) (2022) otrzymała kilka międzynarodowych nagród, m.in. Yad Vashem Book Prize 2023. Obecnie bada ziomkostwa wschodnioeuropejskich ocalałych Żydów jako ośrodki samopomocy migrantom, pracuje także nad projektem wywiadów dokumentujących antysemityzm z perspektywy żydowskiej w Niemczech.
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4797-3064
Uniwersytet Hebrajski w Jerozolimie
Spiegel Jasmin
jasmin.spiegel@mail.huji.ac.il Author BiographyJasmin Spiegel - PhD, clinical psychologist, psychoanalyst and postdoctoral researcher at the Martin Buber Society of Fellows in the Humanities and Social Sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She is the author of publications on psychoanalysis, movement analysis and post-traumatic stress disorder. She is currently engaged in a comprehensive study of non-verbal processes in psychotherapy, and is working on an interview project documenting anti-Semitism from a Jewish perspective in Germany.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0765-1135
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, No. 20 (2024), Pages: 253-274
Submission Date: 2024-04-03Acceptance Date: 2024-08-26
Publication Date: 2024-12-17
https://doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.1052
Abstract
Diaries written by Jewish victims of the Holocaust played an extensive role since the beginning of researching the Shoah. In this study the authors analyzed a corpus of published diaries, which were written in occupied Poland during 1939 and 1945 through a closed-reading in the sense of a Reinhart Koselleck’s hermeneutical interpretation (1979) and by applying a psychoanalytic interpretation of the dream content with the help of the Zurich Dream Process Coding System (Moser & Zeppelin 1996; Moser & Hortig 2019). The dream-like narratives we extracted from the diaries` range from posttraumatic nightmares of persecution and violence to dream-like sequences like day-dreams, and alternative realities. The researchers present three single-cases of diaries that were written in hiding and within ghettos. They argue that the dreams depict a „psychic retreat” (Steiner 1993), a clinical concept that explains bastions of inner retreat where the dreamers are hardly reachable but safe from dreadful emotions. The authors use this concept for the understanding of the dreams in relation to the historical analysis of the course of the writers` lives and the ongoing existential death threat. Implications for future interdisciplinary collaborations are discussed.
Keywords
diary , dreams , Holocaust , Jews , Psychoanalysis , hermeneutical interpretation , interdisciplinary cooperation
References
Bajohr Frank, Das „Zeitalter des Tagebuchs”? Subjektive Zeugnisse aus der NS-Zeit. Einführung [w:] „… Zeugnis ablegen bis zum letzten“. Tagebücher und persönliche Zeugnisse aus der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und des Holocaust, red. Frank Bajohr, Sybille Steinbacher, Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2015.
Google Scholar
Beradt Charlotte, Das Dritte Reich des Traums, München: Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, 1966.
Google Scholar
Binder Elza (Eliszewa), Pamiętnik [w:] eadem, Juliusz Feuerman, Dwa pamiętniki świadków i ofiar zagłady Żydów Stanisławowa, Montreal: Polish-Jewish Heritage Foundation of Canada, 2008.
Google Scholar
Bion Wilfred Ruprecht, Second Thoughts. Selected Papers on Psychoanalysis, London: Heinemann Medical, 1967.
Google Scholar
Bion Wilfred Ruprecht, Seven Servants: 4 Works. New York: Aronson, 1977.
Google Scholar
Bitunjac Martina, Markowska-Manista Urszula, Girls’ Voices: Jewish Teenage Diarists from Central and Eastern Europe as Witnesses of the Holocaust and Cultural Resisters in Concentration Camps and Ghettos, „Holocaust and Genocide Studies” 2023, t. 37, nr 1.
Google Scholar
Breitbart Morris, Awaiting a Miracle: The Holocaust Diaries of Morris Breitbart, oprac. Arnold Breitbart, Charles Breitbart, Denver: Outskirts Press, 2007.
Google Scholar
Brenner Rachel F., The Ethics of Witnessing: The Holocaust in Polish Writers’ Diaries from Warsaw, 1939–1945, Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 2014.
Google Scholar
Browning Christopher R., Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. New York: HarperCollins, 1992; wyd. polskie: Zwykli ludzie. 101. Policyjny Batalion Rezerwy i „ostateczne rozwiązanie” w Polsce, tłum. Piotr Budkiewicz, Warszawa: Bellona, 2000.
Google Scholar
Cohen Nathan, Diaries of the Sonderkommandos in Auschwitz: Coping with Fate and Reality, „Yad Vashem Studies” 1990, t. 20.
Google Scholar
Engelking Barbara, Sny jako źródło do badań nad Zagładą, „Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały” 2013, nr 9; wyd. anglojęzyczne: Dreams as a source for Holocaust research, „Holocaust Studies and Materials” 2013, nr 3.
Google Scholar
Freadman Anne, Holding on and Holding out Jewish Diaries from Wartime France, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2020.
Google Scholar
Garbarini Alexandra, Numbered Days: Diaries and the Holocaust, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.
Google Scholar
Goldberg Amos, Trauma in First Person: Diary Writing during the Holocaust, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2017.
Google Scholar
Haas Carlos A., Das Private im Ghetto. Jüdisches Leben im deutsch besetzten Polen 1939 bis 1944, Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag 2020.
Google Scholar
Heim Susanne, „Beim Schreiben habe ich immer noch einen Funken Hoffnung.” Tagebücher und Briefe verfolgter Juden, [w:] „… Zeugnis ablegen bis zum letzten“. Tagebücher und persönliche Zeugnisse aus der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und des Holocaust, red. Frank Bajohr, Sybille Steinbacher, Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2015.
Google Scholar
Jockusch Laura, Collect and Record! Jewish Holocaust Documentation in Early Postwar Europe, Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Google Scholar
Jung Carl Gustav, Człowiek i jego symbole, tłum. Robert Palusiński, Katowice: Wydawnicwo Kos, 2022
Google Scholar
Kaplan Chaim A., Scroll of Agony: The Warsaw Diary of Chaim A. Kaplan, tłum. Abraham I. Katsh, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
Google Scholar
Kempe Simon, Krome Anna-Julia, Köpp Werner, Wittmann Lutz, Different keys unlock different doors: analyzing content and affect regulation in dream reports, „Somnologie” 2023, t. 27.
Google Scholar
Korczak Janusz, Pamiętnik i inne pisma z getta, Warszawa: W.A.B., 2012.
Google Scholar
Koselleck Reinhart, „Erfahrungsraum” und „Erwartungshorizont”, zwei historische Kategorien [w:] idem, Vergangene Zukunft: Zur Semantik geschichtlicher Zeiten, Frankfurt am Main: Shurkamp, 1979.
Google Scholar
Kosselleck Reinhart, Terror and Dream. Methodological remarks on the experience of time during the Third Reich [w:] Futures Past. On the Semantics of Historical Time, red. Reinhart Kosselleck, New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
Google Scholar
Latour Bruno, Eine neue Soziologie für eine neue Gesellschaft, tłum. Gustav Roßler, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2007.
Google Scholar
Levi Primo, Czy to jest człowiek [w:] idem, Czy to jest człowiek. Rozejm. Pogrążeni i ocaleni, tłum. Halszka Wiśniowska, Wołowiec: Czarne, 2024.
Google Scholar
Lewis Joanna, Emotional Rescue: The Emotional Turn in the Study of History, „Journal of Interdisciplinary History” 2020, t. 51, nr 1.
Google Scholar
Lockot Regine, Zur Geschichte der Psychoanalyse und Psychotherapie im Nationalsozialismus, Gießen: Psychosozial-Verlag, 2002.
Google Scholar
Lower Wendy, The Diary of Samuel Golfard and the Holocaust in Galicia, Lanham: AltaMira Press, 2011.
Google Scholar
Löw Andrea, Getto łódzkie/Litzmannstadt Getto. Warunki życia i sposoby przetrwania, tłum. Małgorzata Półrola, Łukasz Marek Plęs, Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2012.
Google Scholar
Miron Guy, From ‘Public Space’ to ‘Space of Writing’: Jewish diarists in Nazi Germany, „Yearbook for European Jewish Literature Studies” 2019, t. 6, nr 1.
Google Scholar
Moser Ulrich, Hortig Vera, Mikrowelt Traum. Affektregulierung und Reflexion, Frankfurt am Main: Brandes & Apsel, 2019.
Google Scholar
Nelken Halina, Pamiętnik z getta w Krakowie, Toronto: Polski Fundusz Wydawniczy w Kanadzie, 1987.
Google Scholar
Paperno Irina, Dreams of terror. Dreams from Stalinist Russia as a historical source, „Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History” 2006, t. 7, nr 4.
Google Scholar
Paperno Irina, Stories of the Soviet Experience: Memoirs, Diaries, Dreams, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010.
Google Scholar
Patterson David, Along the Edge of Annihilation: The Collapse and Recovery of Life in the Holocaust Diary, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999.
Google Scholar
Polonsky Antony, Modest monuments of words on paper: Bearing witness to the Holocaust through memoirs and diaries, „Brandeis Review” 1993, t. 13, nr 2.
Google Scholar
Rosenbaum Bent, Varvin Sverre, The influence of extreme traumatisation on body, mind and social relations, „International Journal of Psychoanalyzes” 2007, t. 88.
Google Scholar
Schneider John A., From Freud’s dream-work to Bion’s work of dreaming: the changing conception of dreaming in psychoanalytic theory, „International Journal of Psychoanalyses” 2010, t. 91, nr 3.
Google Scholar
Shanes Joshua, Ivano-Frankivs’k [w:] YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe (2010) https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Ivano-Frankivsk.
Google Scholar
Simon Amy, Emotions in Yiddish Ghetto Diaries: Encountering Persecutors and Questioning Humanity, New York: Routledge, 2023.
Google Scholar
Steiner John, Psychiczny azyl: patologiczna organizacja osobowości u pacjentów psychotycznych, nerwicowych i borderline, tłum. Magdalena Żylicz, Lech Kalita, Marta Lipińska, Gdańsk: Imago, 2017.
Google Scholar
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Liquidation of the Lodz Ghetto [w:] Holocaust Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/timeline-event/holocaust/1942-1945/liquidation-of-the-lodz-ghetto.
Google Scholar
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, The Krakow (Crakow) Ghetto during the Holocaust [w:] Holocaust Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/krakow-cracow.
Google Scholar
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Stanisławów [w:] Holocaust Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/stanislawow.
Google Scholar
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Morris Breitbart [w:] Holocaust Diaries, Student Package, Washington: USHMM, 2023, https://www.ushmm.org/m/pdfs/USHMM_DiariesLesson_DiaryPacket.pdf.
Google Scholar
Varvin Sverre i in., Traumatische Träume: Streben nach Beziehung, „Psyche” 2012, t. 66, nr 9/10.
Google Scholar
Vasvári Louise, The yellow star and everyday life under exceptional circumstances: Diaries of 1944–1945 Budapest, „Hungarian Cultural Studies” 2016, nr 9.
Google Scholar
Waxman Zoë Vania, Writing the Holocaust: Identity, Testimony, Representation, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006,
Google Scholar
Wittmann Lutz i in., Characterizing veterans’ dreams applying the Zurich dream process coding system, „Dreaming” 2022, t. 32, nr 4.
Google Scholar
Wittmann Lutz, Zander Janina, Dale Allison L., Das Traumgenerierungsmodell von Ulrich Moser und Ilka von Zeppelin, „Forum der Psychoanalyse” 2016, t. 32, nr 1.
Google Scholar
Zapruder Alexandra, 11. Elsa Binder: Stanisławów, Poland [w:] Salvaged Pages: Young Writers` Diaries of the Holocaust, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008,
Google Scholar
„… Zeugnis ablegen bis zum letzten”. Tagebücher und persönliche Zeugnisse aus der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und des Holocaust, red. Frank Bajohr, Sybille Steinbacher, Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag 2015.
Google Scholar
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Similar Articles
- Jan Grabowski, Tracking Emanuel Ringelblum. Participation of Polish Kriminalpolizei in the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question” , Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały: No. 10 (2014)
- Natalia Aleksiun, Historiography of the Holocaust on the Polish-Jewish relations in Poland , Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały: No. 1 (2005)
- Jacek Leociak, The Holocaust in a “Museum of life” (the Polin Museum and its trouble with the genius loci of the Muranów district) , Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały: No. Holocaust Studies and Materials (2017)
- Jan Grabowski, Dariusz Libionka, Reports on the Jews Apprehended in Warsaw During May–July 1943 Submitted by the ‘Praga’ District of the Polish Police , Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały: No. Holocaust Studies and Materials (2017)
- Gabriel Finder, Svenja Bethke, Dance on the Razor’s Edge:Crime and Punishment in the Nazi Ghettos [Gabriel N. Finder] , Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały: No. 17 (2021)
- Dariusz Libionka, Jan Grabowski, Reports of the Praga Area of the Polish Police Regarding Apprehension of Jews in Warsaw during May–July 1943 , Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały: No. 10 (2014)
- Esther Farbstein, “A Spiritual Candle Is Burning Inside Me.” Rabbi Josef Guzik and his Diary , Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały: No. 15 (2019)
- Jan Grabowski, Hunting down Emanuel Ringelblum. The Participation of the Polish Kriminalpolizei in the ‘Final Solution of the Jewish Question , Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały: No. Holocaust Studies and Materials (2017)
- , The Image of Poles in the Writings of Jews from the Warsaw District , Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały: No. Holocaust Studies and Materials (2013)
- Jan Grabowski, Havi Dreifuss, Relations between Jews and Poles During the Holocaust. The Jewish Perspective , Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały: No. 14 (2018)
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
